Landel, Interscience, New York, and (1967). Electrical Conduction Properties of Polymers, ed. The Structure of Polymers, Reinhold Publish. Direct Analysis of Diffraction by Matter, North Holland, Ch. Ellis, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, Ch. Polymers, Structure and Bulk Properties, D. X-ray Diffraction Methods in Polymer Science, Inter-science-John Wiley, New York, pp. Diffraction of X-rays by Chain Molecules, Elsevier, Ch. X-ray Diffraction Methods in Polymer Science, Interscience-John Wiley, New York, p. 93-134 has an extensive discussion of atomic scattering factors.Ĭromer, D. The Optical Principles of the Diffraction of X-rays, G. X-ray Studies of Materials, Interscience-John Wiley, New York, p. Diffraction of X-rays by Chain Molecules, Elsevier, p. Direct Analysis of Diffraction by Matter, North Holland, pp. (A general introduction with reprints of some of the most important original papers.) X-ray and Neutron Diffraction, Pergamon Press. Diffraction of X-rays by Chain Molecules, Elsevier. X-ray Diffraction Methods in Polymer Science, Inter-science-John Wiley, New York, p. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 18, 489.Īlexander, L. Encyclopaedia of Gamma Rays and X-rays, ed. Bikales, Interscience-John Wiley, New York, vol. ‘Crystallinity’, Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Technology, ed. X-ray Diffraction Methods in Polymer Science, Interscience-John Wiley, New York. Direct Analysis of Diffraction by Matter, North Holland.Īlexander, L. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Here we will be concerned with amorphous polymers in which the X-ray scattering is observed in Laue photographs as a diffuse amorphous halo similar in general features to that obtained from other amorphous structures, such as gases, liquids and inorganic glasses. Miller) however, crystalline polymers are beyond the scope of this review. The application of X-ray diffraction methods to polymers has been the subject of a textbook 3 which deals with both theoretical interpretations and experimental methods and contains a listing of the crystallographic data available for about 270 polymers (up to 1968 in an Appendix compiled by R. A very thorough treatment was given by Hosemann and Bagchi 2 with a preface which contains an interesting short critical review of the historical development of X-ray diffraction studies. The general theory of X-ray diffraction by matter has been treated in many texts and an up-to-date account is that of Warren 1 which has sections dealing with the application of X-ray methods to amorphous materials. The purpose of the present chapter is to review the contribution of X-ray diffraction studies to the elucidation of the structure of glassy amorphous polymers.
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